Under in spanish
pronunciation: debɑxoʊ part of speech: adjective, adverb
under1 = bajo, por.
Example: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.more:
» be under assault = ser atacado, sufrir un ataque.
Example: Those institutions and persons representing a progressive and hopeful future for Iraq are under assault and in retreat.» be under attack = ser atacado, sufrir un ataque.
Example: Computer networks are under attack from viruses, traditional hacking and cyberattack.» be under consideration = estudiar Algo, considerar Algo, tratar Algo.
Example: The physical facilities have been upgraded, the whole collection is being catalogued, and use of the Library of Congress Classification is under consideration = Se han mejorado las intalaciones, se está catalogando toda la colección y se está estudiando el uso de la Clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso.» be under discussion = estar en debate, estar debatiéndose.
Example: A proposal for an ISADN is under discussion within the IFLA Working Group on an International Authority System.» be under no obligation to = no tener la obligación de.
Example: They are under no obligation to inform the public of their financial status, so most do not bother.» be under par = no estar a la altura de lo que se espera, estar en desigualdad.
Example: Libraries are significantly under par on both of these activities, largely because of mind set, less because of budget.» be under sentence of death = estar condenado a muerte, estar bajo sentencia de muerte.
Example: Sometimes it seems to me as if poor old Europe were under sentence of death, and as if she had reached her zenith and will from now on slowly decline.» be under strain = pasar dificultades, pasar apuros.
Example: Sources of domestic supply of periodicals in the socialist countries are also under strain or have collapsed.» be under the gun = estar presionado.
Example: 'We're a bit under the gun because of trustee interests, either expressed or anticipated'.» be under the obligation to = tener la obligación de, estar sujeto a la obligación de.
Example: Although the library had awarded him a fellowship, he was not under the obligation to work there following graduation = Aunque la biblioteca le había concedido una beca, no tenía la obligación de trabajar allí tras su graduación.» be under the weather = sentirse mal, estar mal, andar mal, sentirse indispuesto, sentirse pachucho, andar pachucho, encontrarse mal.
Example: Michael Jackson is 'a little bit under the weather,' but hasn't sought hospital treatment, his spokeswoman said.» be under time constraint = tener un horario ajustado.
Example: Librarians too easily forget that many readers are in a hurry, and hardly any are under no time constraint at all.» be under way = estar activo, estar en curso, estar en marcha, estar en realización.
Example: Experiments in improved document delivery systems, and the establishment of networks between libraries are under way.» be well under way = estar avanzado.
Example: Planning for DC 20 is well under way.» down under = antípodas, Australia.
Example: In the article 'The BISA experience down under' the writer recounts the training and her experience as a trainee librarian in Australia.» fall + under the purview of = entrar dentro de la competencia de.
Example: Special libraries which operate under an autonomous hand may not fall under the purview of the local civil service agency.» feel under + the weather = sentirse mal, estar mal, andar mal, sentirse indispuesto, encontrarse mal, sentirse pachucho, sentirse destemplado, sentirse chungo.
Example: Staying out late, lots of glasses of wine and having way too much fun has resulted in us both feeling under the weather all weekend long.» go under = hundirse, fracasar, sumergirse.
Example: Many of them are likely to go under in the next wave of economic recession.» go under + Nombre = catalogar, incluir.
Example: In general preference is for entry under name of organization but there are many exceptions in particular, official organizations go under place.» hereunder = de acuerdo con este documento.
Example: The plan does not stipulate the content of research and it sees research activities, hereunder libraries, as a whole.» just under + Expresión Temporal = algo menos de + Expresión Temporal.
Example: A new poll has revealed that just under a quarter of people aged 50 - 64 think there's no point in trying to save for their retirement.» keep + Posesivo + money under the mattress = guardar el dinero debajo del colchón.
Example: If you are keeping your money under the mattress, in a safe in the basement, or anywhere that it's not earning interest, then your money is losing value to inflation as you read this.» place under + control = someter a control.
Example: In the Colon Classification, the process of synthesis in the construction of compound class numbers is placer under strict control.» put + Nombre + under pressure = poner en tensión.
Example: However, the tremendous drain on staffing resources occasioned by the events put all staff, whether directly involved or not, under pressure.» put + Nombre + under the spotlight = analizar, examinar detenidamente, escudriñar, investigar.
Example: It is paramount to put designers themselves under the spotlight for investigative purposes.» six feet under = dos metros bajo tierra, muerto y enterrado, criando malvas.
Example: You may hear once in a while where someone had a close encounter with death, but they never made it six feet under -- death is something we can escape easily.» under adult supervision = bajo la supervisión de un adulto, bajo la supervisión de adultos.
Example: Pubs are licensed premises and children should be allowed into a children-only area under adult supervision.» under all circumstances = en todas las circunstancias, en todos los casos, bajo cualquier circunstancia, siempre.
Example: Nothing gives one person so much advantage over another as to remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances.» under anaesthesia = bajo anestesia.
Example: There are numerous anecdotal reports of cardiovascular arrest under anesthesia in cats undergoing cholecystectomy.» underarm = con la mano por debajo. [Golpeando algo, generalmente una pelota, de abajo hacia arriba o lanzándolo sujetándolo por debajo]
Example: She's a righty and can't make underarm shots from her left.» under attack = atacado, amenazado.
Example: The article is entitled 'The National Health Service in the United Kingdom: under attack or under reconstruction'.» under certain circumstances = bajo ciertas circunstancias.
Example: This compounds can result, under certain circumstances, toxic and even carcinogenic.» under certain conditions = bajo ciertas condiciones.
Example: No object is so beautiful that, under certain conditions, it will not look ugly.» under challenge = en entredicho, en peligro.
Example: During the previous 10 years the concept of free information services in Australian libraries has come increasingly under challenge.» under consideration = en consideración.
Example: The other physical details to be given will depend upon the features that are important for the type of material under consideration.» under construction = en construcción, en proceso de construcción.
Example: Only Georgia is said to have a suitable 6-story building properly equipped; under construction are archives in Moldavia, Ukraine and Latvia.» undercover = secreto.
Example: Small to midsize companies are more likely to use technological surveillance (i.e., computer spy programs), as they're more readily available than undercover detective agencies, which can get a bit pricey.» under cover of darkness = al amparo de la oscuridad.
Example: This kind of rhubarb is grown under cover of darkness and harvested by candlelight.» under cover of night = al amparo de la noche.
Example: These are persons who go around under cover of night desecrating graves and also seizing unsuspecting colored people for the purpose of dissection.» undercurrent = trasfondo.
Example: Results indicate an exceedingly positive attitude, even though there is a strong undercurrent of personal frustration and irritation.» undercut = minar, socavar, menoscabar, debilitar.
Example: The effects of liberalization threaten to undercut the delivery of a long cherished social objective.» under development = en desarrollo, en construcción.
Example: CDMARC Subjects is the 1st in a series of CD-ROM products under development in the Cataloguing Distribution Service of the Library of Congress.» under difficult circumstances = en circunstancias difíciles.
Example: Registries operate under difficult circumstances and attempts have been made to improve recordkeeping practices.» under difficult conditions = en condiciones difíciles.
Example: When cuts are made in services and staff work under difficult conditions librarians have a remedy in their unions or staff associations.» under duress = por temor a represalias, bajo coacción.
Example: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.» under-fives, the = menores de cinco años, los. [Expresión usualmente acompañada del artículo]
Example: Some libraries have barriers to access for prams and pushchairs, and lack the facilities which would help to encourage library use by parents and the under-fives.» underground = subterráneo, bajo tierra, soterrado.
Example: An underground stack, to hold 1,250,000 books and the cataloguing services, was constructed under the inner courtyard of the main university building, to which the stack is linked by a tunnel.» underground = clandestino.
Example: Liberation News Service (LNS) was an underground newspaper which supplied the US 1960s counter-culture with a variety of articles, essays and spoofs.» underhand = con la mano por debajo. [Golpeando algo, generalmente una pelota, de abajo hacia arriba o lanzándolo sujetándolo por debajo]
Example: To be a good volleyball player, mastering the underhand serve is essential.» underhand = ladino, solapado, taimado, marrullero.
Example: The article suggests some tactics to counter the underhand ways of the weasels in the workplace.» underhanded = ladino, solapado, taimado, marrullero.
Example: They will resort to all kinds of underhanded tactics to gain control.» under house arrest = bajo arresto domiciliario.
Example: But he may be put under house arrest, a dire fate for a man who is terrified of fading into obscurity.» under human care = bajo el cuidado humano.
Example: Animals that live under human care are in captivity = Los animales que viven bajo el cuidado humano están en cautividad.» under investigation = que se está investigando, sobre el que se están haciendo averiguaciones.
Example: The Pensions Act provides that the Pensions Ombudsman has power to hold oral hearings before ruling on a matter under investigation.» under lock and key = bajo llave, encerrado.
Example: Rather than the luminous deity that appears elsewhere in medieval literature, he presents a character who resembles the jealous husband of the fabliaux who keeps a young wife under lock and key and who responds violently when he is cuckolded.» under most circumstances = en la mayoría de los casos.
Example: Under most circumstances disasters happen quickly and without much notice.» under no/any circumstances = bajo ninguna circunstancia, de ninguna manera, de ningún modo, bajo ningún concepto.
Example: Some items cannot be copied under any circumstances.» under normal circumstances = en situaciones normales, en circunstancias normales.
Example: Under normal circumstances, nothing kills a joke faster than trying to explain it.» under normal conditions = en condiciones normales, bajo condiciones normales.
Example: Under normal conditions, the curve will slope upward, as rates increase with the time period on loans.» under oath = bajo juramento.
Example: In that case, such lies, whether under oath or not, should be treated as the crimes that they are and prosecuted to the full extent of the law.» under one roof = bajo un mismo techo, bajo el mismo techo.
Example: A new building is planned which will rehouse most of the British Library's present functions under one roof.» underpass = pasaje subterráneo, paso subterráneo, paso inferior.
Example: In the United Kingdom a pedestrian tunnel or other underpass beneath a road is called a subway.» under + Posesivo + belt = en el haber de Uno.
Example: With that accomplishment under his belt, he went to work for the NYPL in 1969 as a systems analyst.» under + Posesivo + auspices = bajo los auspicios de Alguien, bajo la tutela de Alguien.
Example: The United Way of America has been involved with information and referral services since 1921 and in 1972 had some sixty I&R centres under its auspices.» under + Posesivo + guidance = con + Posesivo + ayuda.
Example: It was under his guidance that the scheme survived the flight to LC which was such a notable feature of the 1960s.» under + Posesivo + (own) responsibility = bajo + Posesivo + (propia) responsabilidad.
Example: The Chairman later circulated under his own responsibility summaries of all discussions held at the informal meetings.» under + Posesivo + (very) eyes = delante de + Posesivo + (mismos) ojos, enfrente de + Posesivo + (mismos) ojos, ante + Posesivo + (mismos) ojos, delante de + Posesivo + (propios) ojos, enfrente de + Posesivo + (propios), ante + Posesivo + (propios) ojos.
Example: Life was simple until she bega to question events in her past and what lies ahead of her, and then things start to unravel at an alarming speed under her very eyes.» under preparation = en preparación, en marcha, en curso, en realización.
Example: There is a new improved system, now under preparation, which will eventually replace the current version.» under pressure = bajo presión, sujeto a presión, en tensión, sometido a presión, presionado.
Example: This paper attempts to dispel the myth that people work best under pressure.» under reconstruction = en reconstrucción.
Example: The article is entitled 'The National Health Service in the United Kingdom: under attack or under reconstruction'.» under reform = estar bajo reforma, estar en reforma, estar reformándose.
Example: The entire judicial system is under reform.» under renovation = en remodelación, en proceso de remodelación, en reformas.
Example: No one appears to have been living in the building at the time, as it was under renovation.» under review = que se está examinando, revisándose, en revisión.
Example: Reviews and surveys both demand an indicative abstract, which defines the limits of the subject area under review, and the depth of the treatment.» undershirt = camiseta interior.
Example: If you sweat profusely so that your jackets show it, wearing an undershirt will help you.» under siege = en estado de sitio.
Example: The article 'Electronic copyright under siege' sets out the USA copyright legislation enshrined in the 1976 Copyright Act.» under study = objeto de estudio, tema de estudio.
Example: Bereday calls this type of comparison 'balanced' and describes it as 'a systematic shuttling back and forth between the areas under study'.» under supervision = a cargo de Alguien.
Example: While scanning the area under supervision, the librarian may detect persons who appear restless or puzzled.» under suspicion = bajo sospecha, sospechoso.
Example: When war broke out against Germany, immigrants from that country were suddenly under suspicion of being possible enemy.» under the aegis of = bajo los auspicios de, bajo la tutela de, bajo el patrocinio de, bajo el amparo de.
Example: This article examines the characteristics of one off-campus programme offered under the aegis of Extended Degree Programs at Central Michigan University.» under the auspices of = bajo los auspicios de, bajo la tutela de, por iniciativa de, a instancias de, a iniciativa de.
Example: Other work relating to the development of classification has been conducted under the auspices of UNISIST.» under the banner = bajo el emblema, con el emblema.
Example: The conference was held under the banner 'Institutional Racism: stamping it out in libraries'.» under the circumstances = dadas las circunstancias, dentro de lo que cabe.
Example: This is an acceptable decision, under the circumstances.» under the cloak of darkness = bajo el manto de la noche.
Example: For the next three months, Walsh and the team made house calls under the cloak of darkness into the dangerous city to help the baby.» under the control of = bajo el control de.
Example: Under the control of the supplier will be the extent to which only direct costs are charged back to the recipient, or whether the supplier charges a share of indirect costs.» under the cosh = agobiado, bajo presión, sujeto a presión, en tensión, sometido a presión, presionado.
Example: Motorists are under the cosh, feel taxed to the hilt and face record prices at the pumps.» under the cover of darkness = bajo el manto de la noche.
Example: Trashing books, however, was recognized to be a perilous undertaking, something to be done 'quietly,' 'under the cover of darkness,' and 'in a locked dumpster' because discarded materials have occasionally been 'returned by dumpster rats who cannot bear to see books thrown away'.» under the doctor's advice = por orden médica, por orden del médico, por prescripción médica, bajo prescripción médica, por prescripción facultativa, bajo prescripción facultativa.
Example: She takes marijuana every few hours, under her doctor's advice, to control pain and give her an appetite otherwise she would starve to death.» under the flag of = argumentando que, con la excusa de, con el pretexto de.
Example: When the news media in the United States serve as a megaphone for government policy, they do so under the flag of responsible journalism; when foreign media do the same, however, it is called 'propaganda'.» under the grip of = bajo las garras de.
Example: During the German occupation, the Italian populace lived under the grip of fear as Allied bombardments pummeled towns.» under the guidance of = con la ayuda de.
Example: These tables may be applied, in carefully selected subject areas, and under the guidance of explicit instructions, in order to subdivide a subject found in the main schedules.» under the guise of = con el pretexto de, con la excusa de, bajo la apariencia de, disfrazado de, camuflado como, aparentando.
Example: Although the application of policies requires an exercise of judgment, violation of the policy under the guise of 'flexibility' should be avoided.» under-the-hood = técnico.
Example: As a Web user, you aren't likely to see the scheme in action on your screen because it's an under-the-hood way of communicating the identity of an information asset to a Web application.» under the hood = técnicamente.
Example: Most of the improvements took place under the hood, in ways that will probably not be obvious to many users.» under the influence = ebrio, borracho, bajo los efectos del alcohol.
Example: He was being held without bail after his fifth arrest for operating under the influence.» under the influence of alcohol = bajo los efectos del alcohol.
Example: It is illegal for anyone to operate a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.» under the influence of drugs = bajo los efectos de las drogas.
Example: It is illegal for anyone to operate a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.» under the jurisdiction of = bajo la competencia de.
Example: Cultural affairs, with reading among them, are entirely under the jurisdiction of the autonomous communities of each region.» under the knife = recortes, tijeretazo.
Example: The article 'Under the Knife' recommends drastic cuts in library buildings' construction funds = El artículo "Los recortes" recomienda restricciones drásticas en los fondos destinados a la construcción de bibliotecas.» under the knife = en el quirófano, en la mesa de operaciones.
Example: He was under the knife last week to treat the knee problem that has been niggling him.» under the law = según la ley.
Example: The officials know in no uncertain terms that you understand your rights under the law and will not stand for any such shilly-shallying.» under the mantle of = encubierto en, con la excusa de.
Example: In this woeful film, under the mantle of a 'bitter-sweet romantic comedy,' Poliakoff lets his maudlin sentiments and fears run riot.» under the microscope = a examen, bajo lupa.
Example: The article is entitled 'University libraries under the microscope: facts and stats'.» under the pretext of = con el pretexto de, con el achaque de. [También escrito on the pretext of]
Example: Under the pretext of fighting terrorism, the US is expanding the empire to dominate Africa.» under the same roof = bajo el mismo techo, bajo un mismo techo.
Example: There is no easy way to deal with being under the same roof after the divorce has been filed.» under these circumstances = en estas circunstancias.
Example: Under these circumstances it becomes difficult to maintain a classified sequence in good order, and there will be gaps and 'bulges' which will involve moving the overall sequence around on the shelves.» under the supervision of = bajo la supervisión de, bajo la dirección de.
Example: This voucher permits you to shoot at 60 clay pigeons, with cartridges and hearing protection under the supervision of your clay pigeon shooting instructor.» under the table = bajo cuerda.
Example: The Pope vowed to his workforce that he wants to eliminate any under-the-table jobs in the Vatican, saying it's a 'question of conscience'.» under the yoke of = bajo el yugo de.
Example: These marital relationships often characterized by subordination & dependence that keep the wives under the yoke of their husbands & sometimes lead to spousal violence.» under threat = bajo amenaza, en peligro, amenazado.
Example: Products under threat include; greeting cards, circulars, information sheets, newspapers and magazines.» undervest = camiseta interior.
Example: I doubt wearing an undervest and growing a stubble will change your personality.» underwire = alambre de refuerzo, refuerzo de alambre.
Example: Police say the bullet hit the underwire of her bionic brassiere and never even pierced her skin.under2 [Lista de palabras que comienzan con este prefijo usado para indicar generalmente que algo se hace por debajo de sus posibilidades]
more:
» under + Cantidad = por debajo de + Cantidad, menos de + Cantidad.
Example: The cheapest of these machines costs under $100 and they can be bought in stores, supermarkets and by mail-order.» undercut = vender más barato, vender a un precio más barato que.
Example: Despite what amounts to undercutting by direct sale publishers calling themselves 'book clubs', the British net book agreement has remained in force until the present day.» undercutting = venta a un precio más barato.
Example: The author instances the distribution bomb delivered via the World Wide Web and its devastation of Encyclopedia Britannica sales and the undercutting of CD-ROM prices = El autor pone como ejemplo cómo la World Wide Web ha sido una bomba para la distribución y ha devastado las ventas de la Encyclopedia Britannica y la venta del CD-ROM a un precio más barato.» underdeveloped = subdesarrollado, menos desarrollado.
Example: Third World countries were labeled 'underdeveloped' until the United Nations deemed it appropriate to change that label to 'developing'.» underdevelopment = subdesarrollo.
Example: A large factor in development, or underdevelopment, of information services in any given country is a function of society's perception of the importance of such services in its decision making process.» underdone = poco hecho. [Referido generalmente a la comida. Pincha en para ver una lista de palabras que comienzan con este prefijo usado para indicar generalmente que algo se hace por debajo de sus posibilidades]
Example: Better to be on the safe side and remove the cookies from the oven when they're slightly underdone than burn them.» undereat = comer demasiado poco.
Example: People only binge when they have been undereating.» underestimate = subestimar, infravalorar, desvalorar.
Example: Yet such indices appear to underestimate the inflation being experienced in the libraries themselves.» underestimate = desvalorización, infravalorización, subestimación.
Example: If the numbers contributing to your estimate were rounded up, the estimate is an overestimate, and if they were rounded down, it is an underestimate.» underestimation = desvalorización, infravalorización, subestimación, menosprecio.
Example: In fact, the penalty paid for overestimation tends to increase linearly, while the one paid for underestimation tends to increase exponentially.» underevaluation = desvalorización, infravalorización, subestimación, menosprecio.
Example: Failure to consider uncertainties such as price may result in a significant underevaluation or overevaluation of the project.» under-exploit [underexploit] = infrautilizar, no aprovechar Algo lo suficiente.
Example: Yet, many library collections efforts are still under-exploiting possibilities for cooperation.» under-exploitation [underexploitation] = infrautilización.
Example: The problems of under-exploitation of stock could be solved by integrating at least part of the children's stock with the adult stock.» underfinanced [under-financed] = sin la suficiente financiación.
Example: Academic libraries are underfinanced.» undernourished = desnutrido.
Example: Wet cat food can also be fed to an undernourished kitten, especially if it struggles with chewing dry cat food.» undernutrition = desnutrición.
Example: Many elderly people residing in publicly-funded shelter homes are underweight and may be at risk of undernutrition.» underpaid = mal pagado, mal retribuido.
Example: Studies conclude that librarians' jobs are undervalued and underpaid.» underpay = pagar menos de lo que se debería. [Verbo irregular: pasado y participio underpaid. Pincha en para ver una lista de palabras que comienzan con este prefijo usado para indicar generalmente que algo se hace por debajo de sus posibilidades]
Example: Dialog is being injured and will continue to be injured if the American Chemical Society continues to assert falsely that Dialog is underpaying royalties.» underpayment = pago por debajo de lo debido.
Example: In August 1990 ACS filed countersuit against DIALOG, alleging fraudulent and deceptive accounting procedures by DIALOG which, says ACS, have resulted in a multi-million-dollar underpayment of royalties to ACS.» underperform = rendir por debajo de lo esperado, rendir menos de lo esperado.
Example: To understand whether the employee is underperforming or just not qualified to do the job, you need to look at many factors, including their skills, their tools and their experience.» under-performance = rendimiento por debajo de la media.
Example: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.» underperformance = bajo rendimiento, pobre rendimiento, rendimiento pobre.
Example: One of the greatest challenges in managing employees is dealing with underperformance.» underprepared = poco preparado, poco listo.
Example: They may be unfocused, underprepared, and not of a frame of mind to devote time and thoughtful energy to library research.» underprivileged = desfavorecido.
Example: The new principle of open access was treating the working class with more dignity, even though stock shortages created another underprivileged minority in the less fleet of foot.» underprivileged, the = desvalidos, los; desamparados, los. [Expresión usualmente acompañada del artículo. Pincha en para ver una lista de palabras que comienzan con este prefijo usado para indicar generalmente que algo se hace por debajo de sus posibilidades]
Example: This need for information arises in all classes and not only among the underprivileged and deprived.» under-production = producción insuficiente, insuficiente producción, deficiente producción, producción deficiente. [También escrito sin guión underproduction. Pincha en para ver una lista de palabras que comienzan con este prefijo usado para indicar generalmente que algo se hace por debajo de sus posibilidades]
Example: People with myelofibrosis have a defect in their bone marrow that leads to overproduction or underproduction of various blood cells.» underrate = subestimar, menospreciar.
Example: Its contribution in this context should not be underrated.» underrated = subestimado, menospreciado.
Example: Providing information services to journalists is one of the most demanding yet underrated and unrewarded jobs in the field of librarianship and information work.» underrecognised [underrecognized, -USA] = menospreciado, infravalorado.
Example: The key propositions of this initiative are that the meeting of unrecognized or underrecognized needs requires new or enhanced services.» under-represent [underrepresent] = representar insuficientemente, estar poco representado, estar infrarrepresentado.
Example: None the less the large number of women in Austrian libraries are seriously under-represented at management levels.» underrepresented = infrarrepresentado.
Example: At the time, fewer than one in 10 incoming graduate students was an underrepresented minority.» under-resourced = infradotado, infraequipado, pobremente dotado, pobremente equipado, con pocos recursos.
Example: Under this Labour Government our Armed Forces have been under-resourced for the commitments they have been asked to undertake.» underripe = poco maduro, no del todo maduro, verde.
Example: Underripe and overripe melons had as much as 20% less lycopene than fully ripe melons, with maturity effects dependent on the variety.» undersleep = dormir demasiado poco.
Example: I seem to do better creative work when I'm slightly underslept.» under-use [underuse] = infrautilización.
Example: There appears to be serious under-use and widespread ignorance of medical information sources.» underused [under-used] = infrautilizado.
Example: The failings of the disorganised and under-used Indonesian library services led to the development of a national system of information networks.» undervalued [under-valued] = infravalorado, subestimado.
Example: Studies conclude that librarians' jobs are undervalued and underpaid.